Theories are the lens by which we view the world.
Consider: What parts of various theories do I agree with? What is my personal learning theory?
- Be able to describe Fig 2.1 and 2.2 and importance to behaviorism (Pavlov)
-can you observe it? if you can't observe it, it doesn't matter
-stimuli in to a black box and what comes out (consequences) that impact behavior next time
- we learn by experience
- What does it mean "to learn" in behaviorism? (positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, punishment, reinforcement removal)
* probably the longest standing approach for parenting and teaching
- What are some limitations to the behaviorist perspective?
Cognitive Information Processing:
- Be able to describe the elements in Figure 3.1
the mind is a computer, sensory input -> sensory memory (visual, auditory) -> short term memory (rehearsal/chunking - for a few seconds) -> encoding/retrieval -> long-term memory
(associations to a personal experience)
- being able to hear your name
- Be able to share some of the different ideas about how LTM is organized
- What does it mean "to learn" in cognitivism?
Constructivism:
- Be able to describe assumptions and goals for learning for constructivism. (see Table 11.1)
- learning is constructed, limitless, context
- What are the important conditions for learning in a constructivist paradigm?
- What does it mean "to learn" in constructivism?
Constructivism assumes knowledge is constructed not acquired. Knowledge is inside us. (Contrasting viewpoint is Objectivism - knowledge exists outside of us, independent of learners.)
Cunningham (1998) "rhizome metaphor: - tangle of tubers with no apparent beginning or end, constantly changes shape - no limits for knowledge construction
Knowledge constructions do not necessarily bear any correspondence to external reality. They do not have to reflect the world as it really is to be useful and viable.
Vygotsky's notions about the social negotiation of meaning (Ch 7), learners test their own understandings against those of others, notably those of teachers or more advanced peers.
Learning goals include: reasoning, critical thinking, understanding and use of knowledge, self-regulation, mindful reflection
Methods of Instruction: scaffolding, collaborative learning, problem-based learning, open software, course mgmt tools
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